Emissions
of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
OD-2
Ozone
Depletion
Pressure
1 Indicator
definition and unit of measurement
Total
emissions of CFC 11, 12, 13, 111 up to and including 115, 211 up to and
including 217 (Montreal Protocol Annex A-Group I, and Annex B-Group I
substances). Emissions of individual CFCs are multiplied by their Ozone
Depletion potential
[17],
and added together. The unit of measurement is therefore tonnes of total
emissions of CFC-11 per year (CFC-11 is reference).
2 Placement
in the framework
5EAP:
Chapter
5: The themes and targets of the programme, section 5.1: Climate change.
Agenda
21:
Chapter
9: Protection of the atmosphere.
International
conventions and agreements:
The
Montreal Protocol (1987) and its Amendments and Adjustments (London, 1990;
Copenhagen, 1992 and Vienna, 1995). CFCs are not in’cluded in the UNFCCC
(New York, 1992), since these are covered in the Montreal Protocol. Council
Regulation (EC) N° 3093/94 of 15.12.94 on substances that deplete the
ozone layer (OJ N° L333, 22.12.94, p.1).
Ranking:
Core
ranking:
2
(100%)
Policy
Relevance:
2
(3.4)
Analytical
Soundness:
1
(3.3)
Responsiveness:
3
(2.8)
Most
appropriate related state indicator:
Changes
in concentrations of stratospheric ozone.
3 Significance
Purpose:
The
main purpose of this indicator is to monitor total emissions of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Relevance:
CFCs
are among the most important ozone depleting substances. For effects on the
breakdown of the stratospheric ozone layer, see the methodology sheet for
halons in this section.
Linkages
to other pressure indicators:
The
indicator is linked to the indicators of other ozone depleting substances.
Furthermore, the indicator is linked with those in the area of Climate Change.
CFCs are greenhouse gases with a relatively high global warming potential.
Furthermore, ozone is also a greenhouse gas, and greenhouse gases are believed
to affect stratospheric ozone depletion. See the methodology sheet for halons
in this section.
Targets:
Since
1. January 1994, industrialised countries have been obliged to completely
phase-out CFCs (zero production and consumption; with possible exemptions for
essential uses). In order to satisfy the basic domestic needs of developing
countries production may exceed by up to 15% of its production level in 1986
(Annex A substances
[18])
or 1989 (Annex B substances
[19]). 4 Methodological
description and underlying definitions
Underlying
definitions and concepts:
CFCs
are human made compounds, and used as e.g. aerosol propellants, coolant agents
in refrigerators, cleaning agents, and plastic foam-blowing agents. Good
alternatives with smaller or no effects on the ozone layer are available.
Measurement
methods:
Emissions
can be estimated based on the accounting of annual net consumption.
Limitations
of the indicator:
It
is very difficult to estimate total emissions of CFCs. Data on “apparent
consumption” is available.
Alternative
definitions:
A
number of indicators representing each individual CFC compound instead of one
aggregated indicator.
[17]
Ozone
Depletion Potentials:
CFC-11
= 1.0 (Reference)
CFC-12,
13 = 1.0
CFC-111,
112 = 1.0
CFC-113
= 0.8
CFC-114
= 1.0
CFC-115
= 0.6
CFC-211
up to and including 217 = 1.0
[18]
CFCs
included in Annex A to the Montreal Protocol include CFC-11, 12, 113, 114 and
115.
[19]
CFCs
included in Annex B to the Montreal Protocol include CFC-13, 111, 112, and 211
up to and including 217.
